Formosan Termites

What is a Formosan termites?

Formosan termites, scientifically known as Coptotermes formosanus, are a highly destructive subterranean species of termites with a unique social structure comprising three castes – alates (reproductive termites), soldiers, and workers. Often referred to as “super termites,” they rank among the most voracious, aggressive, and cunning of over 2,000 termite species known to science. These pests can silently wreak havoc, infesting and causing damage to wood, flooring, and even wallpaper, posing serious risks to structures and properties.

Distinctive Characteristics of Formosan Termites

To identify these elusive pests, it’s crucial to understand their appearance. Formosan termite alates, also known as swarmers, measure about 5/16 inch (14-15mm) in overall length, including their wings. Their bodies exhibit a pale yellow to brownish yellow color, and their wings have a translucent quality covered with fine hairs.

Formosan termite soldiers possess distinct features, characterized by heads that are rounded on the sides and taper toward the front, distinguishing them from indigenous subterranean termites that have rectangular heads. Another noticeable difference lies in their mandibles, which lack teeth.

Identification Challenges and the Need for Professional Assistance

Formosan termites look very similar to Asian and Eastern subterranean termites so it can be challenging to distinguish the differences because of their similarities. It is best to seek the expertise of a licensed pest control professional to ensure accurate identification and effective treatment. Furthermore, Formosan termite swarmers can be easily mistaken for flying ants. To differentiate between the two, observe their waists, as termites have broad waists, while flying ants have narrow ones. Additionally, termites boast straight antennae, whereas flying ants have bent antennae. Lastly, termites have wings of equal size, unlike flying ants, which possess larger front wings.

Infestation Signs and the Importance of Timely Action

Detecting a Formosan termite infestation is crucial in preventing extensive damage. Key indicators include the presence of swarmers around windowsills, doors, lights, and vents, particularly attracted to artificial light sources. Hollow-sounding wood when tapped is another sign of infestation, with the wood often showing evidence of being eaten away along the grain pattern.

The Perils of Formosan Termite Infestation

Due to their aggressive behavior and large colony sizes, controlling Formosan termites once they have infested a structure is a daunting task. An established Formosan termite colony can consume approximately 31 grams or 1+ ounce of wood per day. In just 25 days, such a colony could devour a foot of 2×4 wood, leading to severe structural damage in as little as six months.

In addition to your home or other buildings, Formosan termites infest trees, wooden landscaping, railroad ties, telephone poles, and wooden boats. They don’t discriminate when it comes to chewing through phone lines and electric cable insulation, leading to even more damage than just wood.

Formosan Termites - Identification, Facts, and Pest Control